9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
- Differential Diagnosis ... renal failure Ketoacidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #GOLDMARK #mnemonic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Normal Acid-Base ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis • Ketoacidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Succinylcholine - Hyperosmolar ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... failure (uremia) K Ketoacidosis ... #Summary #Nephrology ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... Succinylcholine - Hyperosmolar ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management