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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
congestion with hypoxemia ... Berlin criteria ... edema must be present ... be detected on CT ... or CXR ● PaO2/
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Berlin Criteria ... edema must be present ... computed tomographic (CT ... lobar collapse, lung ... severity of the hypoxemia
ARDS/VALI progression over the course of 1 week 
 (a) Day 1 - No pathological findings.
ARDS/VALI progression ... involvement, with “white lung ... oedema due to heart ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #ChestXRay
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
ischemic changes CXR ... distress syndrome (ARDS ... Transfusion-related acute lung ... brain injury, cerebral ... #diagnosis #cardiology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
Berlin Criteria ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... fluid balance, and CXR ... with pulmonary ... edema) • Fever
There are three principal varieties of pulmonary edema: cardiac, overhydration and increased capillary permeability (ARDS). 
The
edema: cardiac, ... permeability (ARDS ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Vascular ... Pedicle #Width #Comparison
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
supplying the lung ... In these cases comparison ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
Crazy Paving on Chest CT
 • Thickened interlobular septa in a background of diffuse GGO's.
 •
Paving on Chest CT ... DDx: PAP, pulm edema ... pna, pulm hge, ARDS ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #radiology
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
in HIV-AIDS Bacterial ... embolism, Pulm edema ... failure, COPD, Lung ... Evaluation: Imaging (CXR ... +/- High res CT
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
: weight gain, lung ... HFrEF may lack lung ... → no signs of CXR ... Inhibitors and ARBs ... diagnosis #management #cardiology