15 results
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... • Other rare causes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Myoedema in Hypothyroidism on Physical Exam

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from the production, secretion or
is a clinical syndrome ... action of thyroid hormones ... reflex hammer, caused ... delayed uptake of calcium ... video #neurology #endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
low circulating calcium ... or parathyroid hormone ... Malabsorption syndrome ... absent parathyroid hormone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Hirsutism & acne • Infertility ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... of parathyroid hormone ... > Clearance of calcium ... CPPD #Disease #Signs ... #Symptoms #Pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
-55; f 50-60y (hormonal ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... fibrosis. 4) Calcium ... symptoms are not caused ... #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... of hormonal excess ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... White-coat syndrome
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... Calcium, VitD) and ... levels cause bones ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs