2518 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
with short bowel syndrome ... causes lactic & ketoacidosis ... renal failure Ketoacidosis ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis ... metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... • Renal loss: Ketoacidosis ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ketoacidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... • Starvation ketoacidosis ... • Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... failure (uremia) K Ketoacidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Central Cord Syndromes
 - Anterior Cord Syndrome
 - Central Cord Syndrome
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome

#CentralCord #Syndromes
Central Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... #BrownSequard #Neurology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome:
 - Acute poststreptococcal 
glomerulonephritis 
 - Rapidly progressive
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... Classification #Nephrology ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome ... diabetes #diabetic #ketoacidosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology