20 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Secondary Syphilis Rash
Secondary syphilis is the most contagious of all the stages of this disease, and
The signs and symptoms ... , but without treatment ... reddish brown spots ... resembling rashes caused ... Syphilis #Rash #Diagnosis
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Valgus position of knee ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #stages ... #staging #msk
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Post-operative state ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
-> Cherry-red spot ... retinal edema caused ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
responsible for most cases ... ulcerated • MSK ... infected without symptoms ... #Syphilis #stages ... #diagnosis #management
Myasthenia Gravis - Summary
 • an autoimmune disease of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction associated with antibodies
50 years in men Diagnosis ... More likely to cause ... myasthenia usually • Starts ... glucocorticoids - can cause ... within 3 years of diagnosis
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... malabsorptive state ... large total body stores ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... Check for IF ab Treatment