14 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS ... Polydipsia #dka #hhs ... #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology
Anaphylaxis: Treatments (Acute)
Additional Info:
 • IV steroids may be considered for prevention of late phase reactions.
Anaphylaxis: Treatments ... prevention of late ... minimum of 4-6 hrs ... ) 1:1000 IM q5-10mins ... #pathophysiology
Comparison of anti-diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic agents

There are numerous anti-hyperglycemic agents available to manage Type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of anti-diabetic ... manage Type 2 diabetes ... of medications has ... #endocrinology ... #treatment
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... patients with diabetes ... signs/symptoms of HHS ... Pathophys #EM #IM ... #Endo #DKA #HHS
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
have new-onset diabetes ... several factors: the rate ... production, the rate ... Treatment with IV ... closes and acidosis has
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... ensure patient has ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Usually middle-aged diabetic ... Pathophysiology: ... suspicion, such as diabetic ... data • Early treatment ... pyelonephritis CMC IM
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Poorly controlled diabetes ... deficiency (thiamine) Late ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
indicated if patient has ... • Discuss with endocrinology ... — discuss with endocrinology ... Calculate correction rate ... give specific treatment