13 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS ... Polydipsia #dka #hhs ... #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology
Diabetes Pathophysiology and Medication Targets

The ominous octet is one concept that summarizes the different pathophysiologic pathways
Diabetes Pathophysiology ... pathways that lead to hyperglycemia ... #Pathophysiology ... Medication #Targets #Drug ... #Endocrinology
Comparison of anti-diabetic or anti-hyperglycemic agents

There are numerous anti-hyperglycemic agents available to manage Type 2 diabetes.
Comparison of anti-diabetic ... or anti-hyperglycemic ... of medications has ... table #comparison #management ... #endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders - Comparison Table
 • Starvation Ketosis
 • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Ketoacidosis (AKA) • Diabetic ... Euglycemic DKA • Hyperglycemic ... ) • DKA/HHS Overlap ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... - hyperglycemic ... patients with diabetes ... signs/symptoms of HHS ... Pathophys #EM #IM
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS

Diagnostic criteria for DKA:
 • pH < 7.3
 • Anion gap
Hyperglycemic Crisis ... #Hyperglycemic ... Crisis #Algorithm #management ... #endocrinology ... #Diabetes #DM2 #
Diabetes Morning Hyperglycemia - Dawn Phenomenon vs Somogyi Effect 

When patients FBG's are elevated each morning
Diabetes Morning ... those without diabetes ... hypoglycemia in the late ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Significant Adverse Drug ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... EuDKA #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Diabetic ketoacidosis ... • Hyperglycemic ... of both DKA & HHS ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
thing about this drug ... This drug class ... #Pharmacology #Management ... #Diabetes #DM2 ... #Endocrinology