65 results
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia ... - Increased O2 delivery ... O2 delivery to tissues ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #pulmonary
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia ... insufficient oxygen delivered ... #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Intracardiac Right ... Right to Left Shunt ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
Oxygen Delivery ... x 0.03)} DO2 = Rate ... of oxygen delivery ... #Equation #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #apples
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gradient: • Right-to-Left ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
morphologies: • Rate ... disease (COPD) • Hypoxia ... • Pulmonary hypertension ... condition • Rate ... MAT #Cardiology #Diagnosis
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Mask Oxygen Delivery ... not tolerate a tight-fitting ... specified flow rate ... #Mask #Oxygen #Delivery ... Devices #management #pulmonary
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Age-Adjusted Gradient • Right ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... V/Q Mismatch: Pulmonary ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
occurrence of late ... Wheezing, dyspnea, hypoxia ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
pressure (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... – CVP]/CO) ● Pulmonary ... SVI = CI/heart rate ... 0.136) ● Oxygen delivery ... Interpretation #Diagnosis