16 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... patches on the skin might ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... • Jaundice (later
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
Discoid Rash • UV light ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Weight loss • Night ... purpura: Strong sign ... with GCA or as primary ... Rash, arthritis Primary ... • Progressive symptoms
Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Elevated Antinuclear Antibodies: Anti-Jo-1, Anti-OJ, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-EJ,
Subacute development, primarily ... Polymyositis #PM #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Vasculitis
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Findings • Primary ... Severe, worse at night ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #stages
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... proprioception, and light ... Injury #Syndromes #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... • Unilateral right ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis