22 results
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Purple #Urine #Bag ... Syndrome #PUBS #pathophysiology ... #clinical #photo ... #differential #
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
dermatidis • Sensitivity ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... : Mucorales • Sensitivity ... GM does not differentiate ... disease - Sensitivity
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan
 • Cell wall component of many fungi
Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... >90% (In most clinical ... does not differentiate ... invasive dz • Sensitivity
Figure 1: Corneal ring infiltrate in a patient with #Acanthamoeba #keratitis.  Acanthamoeba keratitis is a
Later stromal involvement ... #clinical #photo ... #Ophthalmology
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... : Ag-presenting ... proliferate and differentiate ... antigen -> Incr Rate ... Humoral #Immunity #pathophysiology
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Normal: < 1% Clinically ... Neutrophil (Normal) Differential ... likelihood of negative clinical ... #Bandemia #differential ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... CXR upright or lat ... Lung Abscess Differential ... Abscess #pulmonary #differential
Ulcerative Blastomycosis Skin Lesion
57 asymptomatic M from Indiana nonpruritic, painless, progressive skin lesion lower back x
organ involvement, Ag ... heaped up borders); differential ... #dermatology #clinical ... #photo
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
Pathogenesis and clinical ... RPE -> Loss of photo ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... deficiency (thiamine) Late ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology