11 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... mineralocorticoid excess ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... share the same pathophysiology ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... decr eiection fraction ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... losses, Diuretic excess ... and metabolic alkalosis ... inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... mineralocorticoid excess ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... Mineralocorticoid excess ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... and metabolic alkalosis ... bruit or signs ... of hormonal excess ... Renal parenchymal
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... , nasogastric suction ... Villous adenoma Renal ... mineralocorticoid excess ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... /Osteoporosis RENAL ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs