12 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... diuretics after renal ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... generally indicates a renal ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... share the same pathophysiology ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... decr eiection fraction ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
loss: Nasogastric suction ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... Hypercalcemic states, Primary ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... and metabolic alkalosis ... bruit or signs ... of hormonal excess ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... kidney disease • Primary ... the Nonspecific Cation ... insipidus • Primary ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... , nasogastric suction ... Villous adenoma Renal ... thiazide-like diuretics), Primary ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology