19 results
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis ... formic acid) - Uremia ... - Salicylates (late ... Addison disease - Renal ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Primary #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... in pernicious anemia ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... failure (uremia ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
• Hemolytic Anemias ... Pneumocystis pneumonia (late ... > 1.5) with a sensitivity ... 94 and 84% Renal ... : • Renal infarction
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... megaloblastic anemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology