9 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 0.8 Normal + High ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
• Present in high ... anemia, folic acid ... Pneumocystis pneumonia (late ... > 1.5) with a sensitivity ... Muscle: • Rhabdomyolysis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... , Renal tubular ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... Binging on foods high ... /Osteoporosis RENAL ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... Complications #pathophysiology