3589 results
Causes of Pediatric Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious:
 • Viral
 • Bacterial
 • Parasitic
Malabsorption:
 • Lactase
Causes of Pediatric ... • Drugs • Laxative ... • Short Bowel Syndrome ... Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Causes of acute ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Sorbitol, lactulose, Laxative ... weight: Secretory laxative
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... Medications: laxatives ... nitrofurantoin), laxatives ... tyrosinemia, Gilbert syndrome ... (Purple Urine Syndrome
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... NG suction • Laxatives ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Villous adenoma • Laxative ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... • Laxative use ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
Causes of Chronic ... magnesium (antacids, laxatives ... Zollinger-Ellison syndrome ... Factitious diarrhea (laxative ... Chronic #Diarrhea #Causes
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis
Osmotic
 • Food/Drink: Lactose intolerance, Artificial sweeteners (e.g. sorbitol, high
Causes of Chronic ... Lactulose • Laxative ... tumors: Carcinoid syndrome ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... Chronic #Diarrhea #Causes
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Extrarenal Laxatives ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Diarrhea* (including laxative ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Causes