12 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... Space-occupying brain ... lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... disorders, Aseptic Meningitis ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... #neurology #rheumatology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Photophobia • Nausea ... Acute meningeal signs ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
of Tuberculous Meningitis ... contrast enhancement Brain ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... or abruptly • CN ... differential #TB #neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary ... etc) • CNS -> ... nervous system: Brain ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
: • Traumatic brain ... photophobia • Meningitis ... meningeal irritation signs ... Trochlear headache • CNS ... ophthalmology #Neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... affecting the Brain ... nervous system (CNS ... Carcinomatous meningitis ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Pachymeningitis is a rare condition that causes areas of a layer
condition that causes ... spinal cord and brain ... thickening can cause ... • Bacterial meningitis ... Pachymeningitis #HP #Neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... • Bilateral signs ... • Infectious causes ... Mycoplasma - Leptospirosis ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
Infection (e.g., meningitis ... stiffness) • Brain ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs ... Secondary #Comparison #Neurology