15 results
Causes of B12 deficiency. 

This great diagram shows normal absorption and outlines most possible causes. At
Causes of B12 deficiency ... most possible causes ... the top is a B12-deficient ... the stomach and travels ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... amount of enzyme deficiency ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Krabbe Disease 

Check out this interesting case of Krabbe disease, a rare genetic leukodystrophy. Diagnosis was
this interesting case ... Diagnosis was made by radiology ... leukodystrophy w/ deficiency ... neurotoxic • Symptoms ... MRI #Clinical #Radiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
Circulating galactose-deficient ... Deficiency in galactosylation ... periumbilical region), nausea ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Physiologic Causes ... • Severe iron deficiency ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Protein C & S deficiency ... , ATIII deficiency ... retinal edema caused ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... co-existent G6PD deficiency ... Features #Signs #Symptoms