110 results
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Gap - UAG and Urine ... gap - UA with urine ... - RenalUrine ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
ratio in the urine ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... piperacillin • High Urine ... #hypokalemia #urine
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... protein - Low ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Nephrotic syndrome • Urine ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine ... uric acid: - Urine ... sodium low, uric ... hyponatremia - Urine ... and uric acid low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm using Urine Potassium to Creatinine Ratio

#Hypokalemia #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Potassium #Creatinine #Ratio
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... using Urine Potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Potassium #Creatinine