11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... settings, the urine ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Totally scuppers the kidney's ... diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... protein - Low sodium ... Protein diet - Urine ... Protein diet - Urine ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #nephrology #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
ratio in the urine ... Urine K+ <13 mEq ... loss: Diarrhea Urine ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Chronic progressive kidney ... Potassium-sparing ... (rapid saline administration ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
No structural kidney ... damage: bland urine ... • Bland urine ... • Urine sodium ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
volume contracted: urine ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... volume expanded: urine ... contracted: but urine ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology