29 results
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... suggests calculi/infection ... intrinsic renal disease ... #EM #IM #Urology ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
Pulmonary Infections ... CXR +/- High res CT ... Diseases Fellows ... #workup #diagnosis ... #evaluation #differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Diagnosis for Pulmonary ... allopurinol), Infection ... anti-ANCA ab, anti-GBM ... resolution chest CT ... #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Inferomedial temporal lobes ... enhancement on CT ... Demyelinating disease
Adult-Onset Still's Disease
Clinical triad: Fever, Arthralgia/arthritis, Skin rash ± odynophagia
+ Biological inflammation: Increased neutrophils, Hyperferritinemia, decreased
Clinical triad ... fraction < 20% Differential ... Infectious: Mycoplasma ... Coxsackie, CMV, EBV ... hepatitis • Pulmonary
Miliary Pattern - Chest Radiology
 • Miliary opacities are scattered, small (1 -4 mm) nodules
 •
hematogenous spread of a disease ... Diagnosis of Miliary ... #diagnosis #pulmonary ... #CXR #clinical ... #CT
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... Other tests: • CT ... confirm DAH, r/o infection ... seen on chest CT
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Donath-Landsteiner Antibodies[PCH ... Clinical Presentation ... - Mycoplasma, EBV ... younger pts) Differential ... Hemoglobinuria (PCH
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
Progression: • Upper lobe ... characteristic features Clinical ... Tuberculosis Diagnosis ... staining, NAA (PCR ... Tuberculosis #TB #Diagnosis