2246 results
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output
1) Calculate LVOT Area
2) Calculate LVOT VTI
3) Calculate Cardiac Output

SV = (LVOT
POCUS - Measuring ... ) x (LVOT VTI) CO ... LVOT VTI) X HR CO ... x HR (bpm) - POCUS ... Cardiac #Output #CO
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole. 
Surrogate indicator of
Cardiac Output (CO ... (CVP) MAP = (CO ... Cardiac output (CO ... dromotropy, and lusitropy ... chronotropy #dromotropy #lusitropy
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Distributive: • High CO ... Cardiogenic: • Low CO ... Obstructive: • Low CO ... Hypovolemic: • Low CO
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Framework MAP = CO ... third-spacing • ↓ CO ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO ... PE, PAH • ↓ CO ... drugs/toxins • ↑ CO
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
Increases BP, SVR, CO ... Increases HR, SVR, CO ... contractility, CO ... • Increases CO
Stroke Volume & Cardiac Output Measurement on POCUS
Accurately measure LVOT diameter:
1. Obtain PLAX 
2. Zoom to
Measurement on POCUS ... around PWD trace CO ... #Measurement #POCUS
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Symptoms are non-specific:
 - Headache 90%
 - Nausea/vomiting 50%
 - Vertigo 50%
 - Altered
questions: - Co-ocupants ... - Alarm (for CO
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
Cardiac output (CO ... pressure – CVP]/CO ... mean PAp – PCWP]/CO ... /min/m2) (CI = CO
Simplified Vasopressors and Inotropes Comparison Chart
MAP = CO x SVR
Dobutamine - Norepinephrine - Epinephrine - Phenylephrine
Comparison Chart MAP = CO
The Strategies to Reduce Injuries and Develop Confidence in Elders Intervention: Falls Risk Factor Assessment and
Engagement, and Nurse Co‐management