25 results
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Na, urea, mannitol ... urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary
Hyperparathyroidism classification
Different causes and features of hyperparathyroidism - raised parathormone (PTH).

#Diagnosis #Hyperparathyroidism #Differential #Primary #Secondary #Tertiary
Hyperparathyroidism classification ... #Differential #Primary ... Secondary #Tertiary #Comparison ... #Table #Classification
Shock - Findings, Signs and Symptoms by Classification
 - Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Distributive (Vasodilation)
and Symptoms by Classification ... obstruction to blood flow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare ... Symptoms #Findings #Comparison
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol ... Confusion Box C: Primary ... Polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Cushing's syndrome, Primary ... Osmotic diuretic, Loop ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
Mineralocorticoid Excess Primary ... Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low ... Renin, Normal or Low ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... or High Renin, Low ... Chronic heparin - Primary ... #Aldosterone #Comparison ... #Table #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification