17 results
Signs and Symptoms of Toxidromes

Sympathomimetic / GABAergic withdrawal 
Cholinergic 
Anticholinergic 
Opioid withdrawal 
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 
Serotonin
Signs and Symptoms ... of Toxidromes ... Serotonin syndrome ... #Comparison #Table ... Sympathomimetics #Diagnosis
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Cardiovascular and vital sign ... : Tachycardia, Fever ... Akathisia, Altered Mental ... #spectrum #signs ... #diagnosis
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... • Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and signs ... (e.g., fever, myalgia ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Diagnosis
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic medications classically characterized
- Diagnosis Neuroleptic ... tetrad: altered mental ... status: • NMS, Serotonin ... status: catatonic signs ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Actively maintained fever ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... ) (→ 3-8) • Serotonin ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Hyperthermia #Differential
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... Clinical features: Fever ... : Serial negative ... Clinical features: Fever ... #table
Hyperthermic Toxidromes
Five toxidromes may present with overlapping features: hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, altered mental status/seizures.
 • Sympathomimetic -
Five toxidromes ... rhabdomyolysis, altered mental ... • Serotonin Syndrome ... #comparison #table ... #diagnosis #differential
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... coital headache • Fever ... #headache #signs ... symptoms #clues #differential ... #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... with previously stable ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
• Headache • Fever ... Acute meningeal signs ... (fever, nuchal ... rigidity) • Altered mental ... #diagnosis #neurology