9 results
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Microscopy - Kidney Stones ... Crystals Uric Acid ... , Cystine, Hippurate ... Identification #Differential ... #Key #Nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... (HAGMA) - Differential ... associated with short ... underexcretion of acids ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Sweat: Cystic ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... >2000 mg/day) Cystine ... di-basic amino acids ... #Types #Renal #stones ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... D D-lactate (short ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... of hypokalemia starts ... Renal tubular acidosis ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease (ACKD) Screening and Management
 • Asymptomatic dialysis/renal transplant patient, aged >60 years,
Acquired Cystic ... 60 years, poor medical ... life expectancy → Ultrasound ... #Acquired #Cystic ... surveillance #radiology #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Hyperoxaluria • Cystine ... type A/B • Uric Acid ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #pediatrics #nephrology ... #differential #
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
breakdown of glycogen stores ... mobilizes fatty acids ... produce Acetoacetic acid ... Ketosis (SK), acidosis ... #diagnosis #differential