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nephrology diagnosis management algorithm differential causes diuresis encephalopathy excretion goal hypernatremia hypokalemia low medications pathophysiology posterior pres rate renal reversible
Hyponatremia Correction 1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... 100-110 - Symptoms ... Demyelination Syndrome ... 3cc/kg/h, loop diuretics ... desmopressin MH/CCF
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... potassium wasting ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... include vaptans (HF ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... patient has severe symptoms ... Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #sodium #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
: • Triad of symptoms ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Seizures • Altered mental ... Presentation: • Altered mental ... may precede the neurologic ... Neurological symptoms ... • Magnesium correction
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