17 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... and Gitelman syndrome ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Post renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Ingestion Renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Inappropriate renal ... Inappropriate renal ... kidney disease Renal ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... , Renal tubular ... #nephrology #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low