24 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... CNS infection (e.g ... #Algorithm #neurology
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
symptom of something ... the mnemonic "Mi-T-C ... (e.g., seizures ... Primary #Secondary #Comparison ... #Neurology #Diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Signs and symptoms ... Radiographic findings (eg ... Laboratory findings (eg ... VEP’s: EEG of visual
Pericarditis can be seen on EKG with diffuse ST elevations without reciprocal changes along with diffuse
can be seen on EKG ... often follows a URI ... #Pericarditis #Cardiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Main types of autoimmune encephalitis in the ICU. 
Anti-NMDAR anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Anti-GFAP
cerebrospinal fluid, MRI ... resonance imaging, EEG ... #encephalitis #comparison ... #table #neurology ... #diagnosis
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
(e.g. oculomotor ... AQP4-lgG disease; e.g ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms ... #signs
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
conjunction with symptoms ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... consistent with MS ... #neurology #noninflammatory
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... heart valves • MRI ... #Endocarditis #comparison ... #table
STEMI Equivalents on ECG
 • Conventional STEMI - Elevation of ST segment at (or 40-60 ms
Equivalents on ECG ... point • De Winter syndrome ... #Equivalents #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis ... #differential #cardiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... mental status • Headache ... Neurological symptoms ... • EEG: With persistent ... #neurology