16 results
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy ... Acetic Acid → ↓ pH ... #Lactulose #pharmacology ... ammonia #hepatology #pathophysiology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
) • Systemic symptoms ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... glaucoma (AACG) • Benign ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Allergic reaction -> Benign ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... with hypertension being ... Neurological symptoms
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic ... inflammation #BPH ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... #Urology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Benign Prostatic ... bladder stones #BPH ... #Benign #Prostatic ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... signs #diagnosis #msk
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
tumour, stone, BPH ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 
5 Alpha-Reductase inhibitors
 • Flnasterlde and dutasterlde act by reducing
Therapy for Benign ... reduced to improve symptoms ... reduction in the symptoms ... #Benign #Prostatic ... #Medications #Pharmacology