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diagnosis differential hypokalemia management acei causes chloride classification epilepticus gitelman high hyperkalemia hyponatremia icucard initiation kdigo metabolic monitoring neurology pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... and potassium acid ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #nephrology #low
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
ACEI or ARB Initiation Hyperkalemia: - Review concurrent drugs - Moderate potassium Intake - Consider: diuretics, sodium
Review concurrent drugs ... - Moderate potassium ... Consider: diuretics, sodium ... Reassess concomitant medications ... Initiation #monitoring #algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Inherited (AR) ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
receptor blockers [ARBs ... the epithelial sodium ... heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes): • Check and maintain ABC
• Give high flow ... Antiepileptic Drug ... Alternative medications ... IV Thiopental Sodium ... pediatrics #peds #algorithm
#ICUCard RENAL GFR 90-131 mL/min ((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr) Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft) CI Cr 90-131 mL/min (CrU * volume)/CrS Creatinine Clearance FENa 0.0-1.0 % ((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100 Fractional Excretion of Na+ Na req mEq (125-Na)*0.6*Wt Required Sodium FE Urea
0.6*Wt Required Sodium ... Trans Tubular Potassium ... 2)| Metabolic Alkalosis ... Distress Syndrome ... *Check drug packet
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