22 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Familial renal ... syndromes - Gitelman ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Bartter syndrome and Gitelman ... Renal Causes of ... transplant, Diuretic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Localization #Nephron ... #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... delivery to distal nephron ... Hypermagnesuria, Hypomagnesemia ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Malabsorption RENAL ... > 10g • Loop Diuretics ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Thiazide Diuretics
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... use), Gitelman's ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Medication • Hypomagnesemia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... loop/thiazide) • Hypomagnesemia ... • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology