5868 results
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
Acid → ↓ pH → ↓ NH3 ... absorption), ↑ NH4
Symptoms and Signs of Heart Failure

#heartfailure #chf #congestive #signs #symptoms #diagnosis
#heartfailure #chf ... signs #symptoms #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Heart Failure (CHF ... leading to: ↑ HF ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... advanced stages of HF ... Heart #Failure #CHF
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
surrogate for Urine NH4 ... + NH4+ is excreted ... POSITIVE when urinary NH4 ... AnionGap #NAGMA #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Heart Failure - Diagnosis ... Treatment Algorithm Diagnosis ... class II and Ill HF ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
The distinctive phenotypes of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF), their presentations, and suggested therapeutic routes

#Phenotypes #HeartFailure
Decompensated #CHF ... #Diagnosis #Management
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
for SGLT2i in HF ... for SGLT2i in HF ... lowered CV death or HHF ... DAPA-HF - Dapagliflozin ... improved HF outcomes
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
development of HF ... medical therapy; HF ... #CHF #Congestive
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
CHF - Left-Sided ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Constriction #CHF ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
and Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF