47 results
#IntracellularFluid #ICF #MajorAnions #Phosphate #MajorCations #Potassium #Magnesium #pH7.0 #ExtracellularFluid #ECF #MajorAnions #Chloride #Bicarbonate #MajorCations #Sodium #pH7.4
Potassium #Magnesium #pH7.0 ... MajorAnions #Chloride #Bicarbonate ... MajorCations #Sodium #pH7.4
#Bicarbonate #algorithm #differential
#Bicarbonate #algorithm
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Albuterol - Sodium bicarbonate
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate ... UnremarkableLab #Bicarbonate
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
(<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
secretion Type 2 - Bicarbonate
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Furosemide • Sodium bicarbonate
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Cons Calcium carbonate ... compared to Ca carbonate ... Sevelamer Carbonate ... Lanthanum Carbonate
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
and the chloride–bicarbonate
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) • Sodium bicarbonate