9 results
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... disorders including hypokalemia ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... are not caused ... patients) and/or hypercalcuria ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
: Most Common Cause ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Hyperkalemia is ... Give 250 mcg of ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia

Pseudohyperkalemia and reverse pseudohyperkalemia are both conditions where potassium levels appear falsely elevated.

Pseudohyperkalemia:
This
Pseudohyperkalemia vs Reverse Hyperkalemia ... of hyperkalemia ... • No symptoms ... of hyperkalemia ... Pseudohyperkalemia #Reverse #Hyperkalemia
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
exposed tothe sun (e.g ... , oral cavity) Caused ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Neurological symptoms ... • EEG: With persistent ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause