6 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Bladder Causes ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... Renal/Ureter/Bladder ... Upper and Lower urinary
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Upper Tract - Bladder ... on ultrasound, Hematuria ... Thrombus (frank hematuria ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... throughout (upper urinary ... tract), terminal (bladder ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
Types of Urinary ... pressure raise the bladder ... #Urinary #Incontinence ... #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... • Neurogenic bladder ... • Urinary tract ... Kidney #Injury #Classification
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

1. Women have a lifetime risk of 53% of experiencing UTI. 
2. Men
Classification: ... confined to the bladder ... Infection beyond the bladder ... CAUTIs are one of ... CAUTIs are associated