3667 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
• Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
arrhythmias and paralysis ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... Hematoma Venous Causes ... Edema Arterial Causes ... Pallor-bruising 3) Paralysis
Mydriasis and Miosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Causes of Mydriasis:
Dilated pupils (mydriasis) more than 7mm
 • Unilateral
Diagnosis Framework Causes ... Mydriasis: CN Ill paralysis ... response, Serotonin syndrome ... Hypothermia Causes ... Miosis: Horner's syndrome
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... • Extrinsic Causes ... • Intrinsic Causes ... dysfunction - Flaccid paralysis ... rectal sphincter paralysis
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
(aka: Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome:
	Most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis
	Rapidly progressive ascending paralysis & areflexia
	Autonomic
Guillain–Barré syndrome ... Landry–Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome ...  Most common cause ... acute flaccid paralysis ...  The paralysis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... Weakness (flaccid paralysis ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes