291 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... receptor or parathyroid ... disease - Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism ... 65) and a serum calcium ... cause of primary hyperparathyroidism ... milliliter and his calcium ... radial #fracture #hyperparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
Abnormalities of calcium ... Hypocalcemia • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid
CHIMPANZEES Mnemonic for Causes of Hypercalcemia

C - Calcium supplementation
H - Hyperparathyroidism
I - Immobilization, Iatrogenic 
M -
Hypercalcemia C - Calcium ... supplementation H - Hyperparathyroidism ... syndrome P - Parathyroid ... Hypercalcemia #Calcium
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
production - Hyperparathyroidism ... Incr levels of parathyroid ... > Clearance of calcium ... mineralization of calcium
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... mendesthiagob #Parathyroid ... #parathormone #Calcium
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
Regulation of the Blood Calcium ... concentration #Calcium ... #Regulation #Parathyroid
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... ) • Calcium ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism