23 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... - Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... physical: - Symptoms ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
for Crises in Anaesthesia ... cardiac ischaemia primarily ... is conscious, symptoms ... Ischemia #Ischaemia #Anesthesiology ... #Anesthesia #Intraoperative
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... reflexes) • Urinary ... Incontinence • Saddle Anesthesia ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... reflex. saddle anesthesia ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Insufficiency #Primary ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
Upper Urinary Tract ... - Indwelling urinary ... them to adhere to renal ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms