14 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
for Crises in Anaesthesia ... cardiac ischaemia primarily ... is conscious, symptoms ... Ischemia #Ischaemia #Anesthesiology ... #Anesthesia #Intraoperative
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... reflex. saddle anesthesia ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... reflexes) • Urinary ... Incontinence • Saddle Anesthesia ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... • S - Saddle anesthesia ... infections • primary ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Findings Urgency Urinary ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... involved - Urinary ... loss - Saddle anesthesia
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... • Elevation of urinary