23 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... #Meningitis #Clinical ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
Hoffman's sign. ... this specific case ... middle finger. 2) Ask ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... such as reflex ... further guide management ... orthostatic vital sign ... should be guided by clinical
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... hyalinization causes ... diffuse light reflex ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... gait, strength, reflexes ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Trendelenburg #Gait #pathophysiology ... #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis ... #msk