12 results
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Hyperaldosteronism Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
Suspicion of primary aldosteronism - Manifestations: hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
ORDER: Aldosterone/Renin Activity
Hyperaldosteronism Testing Algorithm ... hypertension, hypokalemia ... , metabolic alkalosis ... Hyperaldosteronism #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Alkalosis - “BLVD ... gap metabolic acidosis ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #acidosis #alkalosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... wasting syndrome Hypovolemia
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... acidosis - Cl ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... and metabolic alkalosis ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Renal tubular acidosis ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
• Labs: - Metabolic ... acidosis - Rhabdomyolysis ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... - Hyperkalemia