11 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... DKA #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... EuDKA #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... • Starvation ketoacidosis ... • Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... fatty acid (FA) metabolism ... • Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... increase may cause metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... ICH Management ... • Increased metabolic ... #neurology #neurosurgery ... #management
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Diagnosis and Management ... Hypogonad (50%) • Metabolic ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology