11 results
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... increase may cause metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... cholangitis #diagnosis #workup ... #hepatology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Radiation • Metabolic ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... Hypothyroid • Metabolic ... dystrophies Work ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Hypogonad (50%) • Metabolic ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis and Workup ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
dissipation of metabolic ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... respiratory failure • Neurologic ... Nephrolithiasis • Metabolic ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology