44 results
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
caused by a toxic ... or metabolic disorder ... Toxic and metabolic ... causes include ... Classification #Diagnosis #Neurology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... Aspirin - salicylate toxicity ... causes lactic & ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity ... no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... Dizziness, Altered, Seizure ... Labs: Anion-Gap Metabolic
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... #Cyanide #Toxicity ... #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Eclampsia, Prophyria #Seizures ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology
The rationale for aggressive treatment of generalized status epilepticus was described previously here.  In short,
rely upon rapid seizure ... The longer the seizure ... epilepticus which may cause ... epilepticus may cause ... #Management #Neurology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... / Provoked Seizures ... • Meningitis Metabolic ... #Neurology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... via anaerobic metabolism ... LacticAcidosis #Toxicity ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Stroke Mimics - Differential Diagnosis - MINT Mnemonic
 • Metabolic: Hyper-glycemia, Hypoglycemia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy
MINT Mnemonic • Metabolic ... • Neurologic: Seizure ... • Toxins: Drug toxicity ... MINT #Mnemonic #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Medication/Drug toxicity ... , Metabolic disturbance ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology