25 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
Diabetesdiabetic ... applied to the diabetic ... be the primary cause ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Hyperthyroidism - Increased Metabolism ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... or neurogenic diabetes ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... Glucosuria causes ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... #Euglycemic #Diabetic ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... - Salicylates Causes ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology