10 results
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... also includes symptoms ... of metabolic acidosis ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
Periorbital Cellulitis ... #Periorbital #Cellulitis ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Orbital Cellulitis ... Blindness #Orbital #Cellulitis ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... free fatty acid metabolism ... Intermediate fatty acid metabolism ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... EuDKA #diagnosis #management ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Diagnosis and Management ... Hypogonad (50%) • Metabolic ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management