11 results
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
Orbital Cellulitis ... anterior to the orbital ... #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
Periorbital Cellulitis ... preseptal compartment/orbital ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... red reflex) • Orbital ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Red Eye - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Redness in the eye can be caused by many conditions and
ophthalmicus • Orbital ... cellulitis • Globe ... Unilateral or bilateral symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
hemorrhagic rash; symptoms ... encephalitis and cellulitis ... non-specific viral symptoms ... #Immunization #peds ... #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs