9 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hypercalcemia Parathyroid ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
Incr levels of parathyroid ... > Clearance of calcium ... mineralization of calcium ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... organ damage • Treatment ... : • Pathophysiology ... • Treatment: ... #TLS #diagnosis
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
disease states Pathophysiology ... precipitates with calcium ... culture used to diagnose ... • Metabolic syndrome ... #rheumatology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... Malabsorption syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)

Pathophysiology:
Pyrophosphate produced by chondrocytes likely precipitates with calcium to
) Pathophysiology ... culture used to diagnose ... Acute Pseudogout: Treatment ... Crowned Dens Syndrome ... #Rheumatology #diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... potassium and calcium
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Acromegaly - Diagnosis ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome ... #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology