27 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... vascular disease ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Fundoscopy #Central
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... ischemia causes ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Approach to Eye Disease ... Concussion Other Causes ... #ophthalmology ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Renal Causes ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #nephrology #renal
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
• Inflammatory Disease ... edema caused by ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal ... disease: CKD, acute
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... Lung cancer • Renal ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... gas transport, renal ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
develop severe disease ... rash • Others: nausea ... (renal + hepatic ... Biphasic #Phases #Diagnosis ... #Illness #Signs