16 results
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
Patellofemoral Syndrome ... of flexion • Xray ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
rubbing • Atopic diseases ... > Keratoconus Signs ... Ring • Munson's sign ... • Rizutti's Sign ... #ophthalmology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... ), compartment syndrome ... Humerus #Radiology #XRay ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... Pathophysiology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
intervertebral disc disease ... gait, strength, reflexes ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... abdominojugular, reflux ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs