298 results
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia ... level (< 200 pg
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... pylori infection, B12 ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... and a vitamin B12 ... the most likely cause ... elevated, but anemia ... recovery also causes
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... - Low Serum B12 ... - Low Serum B12 ... • Rule out B12 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Causes of Neutropenia ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... deficiency: • B12 ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Medications for the Management of Anemia

TREATMENT OF ANEMIA
 - Cyanocobalamin/B12
 - Erythropoietin/epoetin alfa
 - Darbepoetin alfa
Management of Anemia ... TREATMENT OF ANEMIA ... Cyanocobalamin/B12 ... OF SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ... Pentoxifylline #Anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... • Thiamine B1 ... • Riboflavin B2 ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... - Anaemia, neurological
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Anemia - Underproduction ... Iron deficiency anemia ... - Anemia of chronic ... inflammation - Anemia ... disease - Vitamin B12
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • B12 ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes